North Carolina Genealogy & History
Books, CD's and Gifts:

North Carolina County Histories

from Sponsors of TheOldenTimes.com: Historic Newspapers Online - Always FREE!
Genealogy Books & More

North Carolina County Histories

Onslow

Descendants Of John MIDDLETON of Onslow County, North Carolina

1790 Onslow County, North Carolina Census

1820 Federal Census of North Carolina, Vol. XXXVIII-XLIII Onslow, Orange, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Person and Pitt Counties

Onslow County: A Brief History

The Commonwealth of Onslow

Onslow County, North Carolina Marriages: 1764-1867

1754-1755 Onslow County, North Carolina Militia Records

1769 Onslow County, North Carolina, Tax List

Back to the Top

Orange

Orange County Trio: Hillsborough, Chapel Hill, and Carrboro, North Carolina: Histories and Tour Guides

Kinship and Neighborhood in a Southern Community: Orange County, North Carolina, 1849-1881

Abstracts of the Minutes of the Inferior Court of Pleas & Quarter Sessions of Orange County, North Carolina: 1752-1766

Abstracts of the Minutes of the Inferior Court of Pleas & Quarter Sessions of Orange County, North Carolina: 1777-1788

Scrapbook of Carrboro, North Carolina

History of The Town Of Hillsborough, 1754-1963

1790 Orange Co., North Carolina (NC) Census

1820 Federal Census of North Carolina, Vol. XXXVIII-XLIII Onslow, Orange, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Person and Pitt Counties

1755 Orange County North Carolina North Carolina (NC) Tax List

Orange County, North Carolina Abstracts of Wills: 1752-1850

Marriages of Orange County, North Carolina, 1779-1868

Orange County, North Carolina Marriages: 1782-1868

Land Grant Records of North Carolina - Orange County, Volume 1: 1752-1885

Orange County: 1752-1952

Sold! History of the First Baptist Church of Hillsboro, North Carolina

The Pelican Guide to Hillsborough: Historic Orange County, North Carolina

Kinship and Neighborhood in a Southern Community: Orange County, North Carolina 1849-1881

Some Families of Bedford & Washington Counties, Virginia, and Orange County, North Carolina: BRIGHT, BUFORD, CASH, CRAWFORD, CREWS, DAVIS, DOWNS, EARLY, FOSTER, FRANKLIN, GRAY, HUDDLESTON, LAWFORD, McGEORGE, McNEW, PARKER, PERROTT, PENDERGASS...

Sold! A Study of the BARBEE Families of Chatham, Orange and Wake Counties in North Carolina

The KIRKLANDs of Ayr Mount

Our Kinsmen: A Record of the Ancestry and Descendants of Griffith THOMAS, A Pioneer Resident of Orange County, North Carolina

Back to the Top

Pamlico

The MASONs of Eastern North Carolina: Beaufort, Carteret, Craven, Dare, Hyde and Pamlico Counties

Sold! Across the Bridge: Life on Goose Creek Island and Pamlico County

A Glimpse of Pamlico County

Sold! Pamlico County, North Carolina Cemeteries: With Some Family Bible Records

Pamlico County: A Brief History

The Confederate Reveille Memorial Edition. Published By the Pamlico Chapter of the Daughters of the Confederacy, Washington, N.C., May 10, 1898

Back to the Top

Pasquotank

North Carolina Slaves and Free Persons of Color: Pasquotank County

On the Shores of the Pasquotank: the Architectural Heritage of Elizabeth City and Pasquotank County, North Carolina

Quaker Marriage Certificates: Pasquotank, Perquimans, Piney Woods, and Sutton's Creek: Monthly Meetings, North Carolina, 1677-1800

Pasquotank County, North Carolina Record of Deeds, 1700-1751

North Carolina County Scrip, 1861-62 of Camden, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Tyrrell and the Corporation of Elizabeth City

1790 Pasquotank Co., North Carolina (NC) Census

1820 Federal Census of North Carolina, Vol. XXXVIII-XLIII Onslow, Orange, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Person and Pitt Counties

1769 Pasquotank County North Carolina (NC) Tax List

1754-1755 Pasquotank County North Carolina (NC) Militia Records

Pasquotank Co., North Carolina (NC) Marriages 1767-1868

Year Book: Pasquotank Historical Society, Elizabeth City, NC

Back to the Top

 

Pender

History of Pender County, North Carolina

Pender County Centennial, 1875-1975

Sold! Pender County North Carolina Gravestone Records

Back to the Top

Perquimans

North Carolina Slaves and Free Persons of Color: Perquimans County

Perquimans County, North Carolina (Images of America)

1820 Federal Census of North Carolina, Vol. XXXVIII-XLIII Onslow, Orange, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Person and Pitt Counties

History of Perquimans County [N.C.]. As Compiled from Records Found There and Elsewhere

Quaker Marriage Certificates: Pasquotank, Perquimans, Piney Woods, and Sutton's Creek: Monthly Meetings, North Carolina, 1677-1800

Perquimans County: A Brief History

North Carolina County Scrip, 1861-62 of Camden, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Tyrrell and the Corporation of Elizabeth City

Sold! 100 Years Up the River: the Story of the Up River Friends Meeting, Belvidere, Perquimans County, North Carolina, From 1866-1966

Perquimans Co., North Carolina (NC) Marriages 1758-1865

The Historic Architecture of Perquimans County, North Carolina (NC)

Lawrence ARNOLD (1650 - 1692) of Perquimans County, North Carolina With Some of his Descendants

Descendants of Thomas JACOCKS Who Died in 1692 in Perquimans Precinct, North Carolina

Back to the Top

 

Person

Garrett TINGEN Descendants: Early Settler of Person County, North Carolina

1820 Federal Census of North Carolina, Vol. XXXVIII-XLIII Onslow, Orange, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Person and Pitt Counties

Reminiscences: A Sketch and Letters Descriptive of Life in Person County in Former Days
by Alexander FOUSHEE

Alexander ROSE of Person County, North Carolina, and His Descendants

Person County, North Carolina, Compilations: Land Grants; 1794, 1805 & 1823 Tax Lists; Record Books Abstracts, 1792-1820; Letters of Attorney

Historical Sketches of Person County

Along the Border: A History of Virgilina, Virginia and the Surrounding Area in Halifax and Mecklenburg Counties in Virginia and Person and Granville Counties in North Carolina

Back to the Top

Pitt

1790 Pitt Co., North Carolina Census

1820 Federal Census of North Carolina, Vol. XXXVIII-XLIII Onslow, Orange, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Person and Pitt Counties

Sketches Of Pitt County: A Brief History Of The County, 1704-1910. Illustrations And Maps

BLOUNTs of Pitt County, North Carolina

The TYSON & MAY Genealogy of Pitt County

The WHITEHURST Family of Princess Anne County, Virginia and Pitt County, North Carolina

Back to the Top

Polk

50 Years Ago Around Saluda, North Carolina

A Sense of Heritage A Pictorial History of the Thermal Belt Area

Cemeteries (Polk County, North Carolina)

Know Our County: People, Places and Facts: A Survey of Polk County, North Carolina

Sketches of Polk County History

Back to the Top

Qualla

The Cherokee Indians, Qualla Indian Reservation, Cherokee, North Carolina. Their Tribal History, How...
(1945)

Back to the Top

 

Randolph

The Saura and Keyauwee in the Land That Became Guilford, Randolph, and Rockingham

A Brief History of Giles Chapel Methodist Church

Unique, Original 1846 Document: Manuscript Document, 20 December 1846, Signed By B. F. HOOVER, Clerk of the Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions of Randolph County, Certifying That Henry STITH is a Free Man of Color and That He Has Completed an Apprenticeship to Learn the Tanning Trade

Randolph Co., North Carolina (NC) Marriage 1785-1868

Liberty High School (Randolph County) 1885-1968. Bicentennial Edition

The Story of Naomi Wise Reminiscences of Randolph County History of Randolph County History of Randleman, N. C.

Back to the Top

 

Richmond

1790 Census: Richmond County, North Carolina CD

1800 Census: Richmond County, North Carolina CD

No Ordinary Lives: A History of Richmond County, North Carolina, 1750-1900

Estate Records, 1772-1933, Richmond County North Carolina, Hardy-Meekins Book II

A History of Richmond County

Richmond County Records: Journal of the Society of Richmond County (North Carolina) Descendants

Richmond County, North Carolina Marriages: 1783-1868

Amos THOMAS Family Tree: Ancestors and Descendants to and from Wales, England, Island of Barbados West Indies, Talbot, Queen Anne's Counties, Maryland, Anson and Richmond Counties, N. C., Wayne and Orange Counties, Indiana, Grant and Miami Counties, Indiana

Back to the Top

Robeson

Town of a Thousand Friends: Rowland Centennial, 1889-1989

One Land, Three Peoples: A Geography of Robeson County, North Carolina

The LOWRIE History as Acted in Part By Henry Berry LOWRIE, the Great North Carolina Bandit with Biographical Sketch of His Associates, Illustrated, Being a Complete History of the Modern Robber Band in the County of Robeson and State of NC, with Appendix

Robeson County in Vintage Postcards

1790 Census: Robeson County, North Carolina CD

Playing Before an Overflow Crowd: The Story of Indian Basketball in Robeson, North Carolina, and Adjoining Counties

Robeson County, North Carolina Marriages: 1799-1868

The State of Robeson

Back to the Top

 

Rockingham

The Heritage of Rockingham County, North Carolina

Early Families of the North Carolina Counties of Rockingham and Stokes with Revolutionary Service

The Journal of Rockingham County History & Genealogy

A Tale of Three Cities - Eden's Heritage: a Pictorial Survey of Leaksville, Spray and Draper

The Story of the Methodist Church, Leaksville, North Carolina

Our Proud Heritage: a Pictorial History of Rockingham County, North Carolina

The Church of the Messiah, 1900-1975. a Sketch of the Work of Dedicated Episcopalians in Rockingham, North Carolina...

1790 Census, Rockingham County, North Carolina

1850 Census: Rockingham County, North Carolina

1860 Federal Census of Rockingham County, North Carolina

The Saura and Keyauwee in the Land That Became Guilford, Randolph, and Rockingham

Rockingham County: A Brief History  

Rockingham County, North Carolina Marriages: 1785-1868

Land Grant Records of North Carolina: Rockingham County, 1778-1929

Rockingham County, North Carolina, Deed Abstracts, 1785-1800

Rockingham County, North Carolina Will Abstracts: 1785-1865

Sold! Wright Tavern: A Courthouse Inn and Its Proprietors

Sold! Wright Tavern: A Brief History

Back to the Top

Rowan

Rowan and Davie Counties: Story of Medicine, 1753-1976

Artisans in the North Carolina Backcountry

North Carolina Slaves and Free Persons of Color: Burke, Lincoln and Rowan Counties

The First 100 Years ,1883-1983: Cleveland, North Carolina

Faith of Our Fathers: Documents from the Early History of Back Creek Church, Mt. Ulla, North Carolina

Historic Third Creek Presbyterian Church, Cleveland, North Carolina,1787-1966 Concord Presbytery

Sketches of Western North Carolina Illustrating Principally the Revolutionary Period of Mecklenburg, Rowan, Lincoln and Adjoining Counties

Rowan County, North Carolina, Tax Lists, 1757-1800: Annotated Transcriptions

Rowan County: A Brief History

Abstracts of the Deeds of Rowan County, North Carolina, 1753-1785, Vols. 1-10

Rowan County, NC, Vacant Land Entries, 1778-1789

Marriages of Rowan County, North Carolina, 1753-1868

The Architecture of Rowan County, North Carolina: A Catalogue and History of Surviving 18th, 19th, and Early 20th Century Structures

Sketches of Old Rowan. Stories By George Raynor. Ink Sketches By Aubrey Atkinson

A History of Rowan County, North Carolina. Containing Sketches of Prominent Families and Eminent Men, With an Appendix

Palatine Progeny: The AREY Family of Rowan County, North Carolina and Related Families, 1749-1983

A History of the Michael BROWN Family of Rowan Co., North Carolina

Sold! The GOBBEL Family of Rowan

A HOLMES Family of Rowan and Davidson Counties, North Carolina, with HADEN, HEILIG, REID, REX, LINN, SMITH, BERNHARDT, SNIDER, PEARSON, GRAHAM, WHITE, ...KING, ERWIN, PANNILL, DILLARD, KNOWLES

The KNOX Family: A Genealogical and Biographical Sketch of the Descendants of John KNOX of Rowan County, North Carolina, and Other KNOXes (1905)

Sold! MULLIKINs and MULLICANs of North Carolina: A History of Lewis MULLIKIN and His Descendants Covering the Period Since His Arrival in Rowan County, North Carolina in 1781 From the Western Shore of Maryland

Back to the Top

Rutherford

1790 Rutherford Co., North Carolina Census

Rutherford Co., North Carolina Marriages 1779-1867

1978 Forest City, Rutherfordton and Spindale (Rutherford County, N.C. ) City Directory. Including: Alexander Mills

Deed Abstracts of Tryon, Lincoln & Rutherford Counties, North Carolina, 1769-1786: Tryon County Wills & Estates

Back to the Top

Sampson

1790 Sampson Co., North Carolina Census

Descendants of Cornelius AUTRY, Immigrant, of Edgecombe County, North Carolina; Neil CULBRETH of Sampson County, North Carolina and Allied Families

Descendants of Hayburn JACKSON, Sr. and Wiley Calvin JACKSON, Sampson County, North Carolina

Sampson County Child Life North Carolina 1870-1890

Roots, Seeds, and Other Things, Vol. II: KING, SUTTON, OATES & Related Families of Duplin, Johnston, Sampson and Wayne Counties, North Carolina

Back to the Top

Scotland

Scotland County (Images of America)

Scotland County Emerging, 1750-1900

A Sense of Place, Part II

80 Years of Laurinburg Southern History

Population Schedule of the Twelfth Census of the United States 1900 Scotland County, North Carolina

McCALL and McLAURIN Families of Ballachulish in Scotland County, North Carolina, with Related Families

Back to the Top

 

Stanly

The Bridge From Yesterday Into Tomorrow. May 11-18, 1957. Albemarle, Stanly County Centennial, 1857-1957

Albemarle: Images of America, North Carolina

Tombstone Records, Stanly County, North Carolina: Albemarle, County Seat

A History of Stanly County

Stanly County, North Carolina (Images of America)

Badin: A Town at the Narrows, an Historical and Architectural Survey

Stanly County: The Architectural Legacy of a Rural North Carolina County

Stanly County, USA: The Story of an Era and an Area, 1841-1972

Back to the Top

 

Stokes

Piedmont Soldiers and Their Families
Civil war history of Forsyth, Stokes, Surry, Yadkin, and Davidson Counties, North Carolina

North Carolina Slaves and Free Persons of Color: Stokes & Yadkin Counties

Early Families of the North Carolina Counties of Rockingham and Stokes with Revolutionary Service

Stokes County, North Carolina Deeds, 1787-1797

Stokes County, North Carolina Marriages: 1783-1868

The Heritage of Stokes County, North Carolina

History of Trinity Methodist Church, 1873-1978

1790 Stokes Co., NC Census

Back to the Top

Surry

Piedmont Soldiers and Their Families
Civil war history of Forsyth, Stokes, Surry, Yadkin, and Davidson Counties, North Carolina

The Surry County Book: Recollections of the Life, History & Culture of Old Surry County in Northwestern North Carolina

Surry County, North Carolina Marriages: 1783-1868

The Heritage of Surry County, North Carolina

Simple Treasures: The Architectural Legacy of Surry County

Footprints in the "Hollows" Or Surry County and Her People. Bicentennial-Surry County-1776-1976

History of Surry County or, Annals of Northwest North Carolina

Surry County, North Carolina Wills, 1771-1827

Surry County, N.C., Deed Books A, B and C, 1770-1778

Surry County, N.C. Court Minutes, 1768-1789

Back to the Top

 

Swain

Browse back issues of The Bone Rattler: Bulletin of the Swain County Genealogical & Historical Society.

Historic Map of Swain County

Swain County... Early History and Educational Development: A Unique County

The Heritage of Swain County, North Carolina

Back to the Top

Transylvania

Penny Postcards Through the Years

Transylvania County "Across the Woodland"

Marriages of Transylvania County, North Carolina, 1861 - 1899

Transylvania: The Architectural History of a Mountain County

Brevard, North Carolina: Images of America

Transylvania County, North Carolina: Images of America

The Revolution in North Carolina in 1775, Transylvania, Craven, Anson and Mecklenburg

The Land of Waterfalls: Transylvania County, North Carolina, Including Stories About Locally-Made Gillespie Rifle-guns, Long Hunters of the Toxaway and Upper French Broad Rivers, and Major Lewis R. REDMOND, Famous Carolina Mountain Outlaw and Moonshiner

Back to the Top

 

 

Tryon

Tryon County Documents, 1769-1779: A North Carolina County

History of Old Tryon and Rutherford Counties, North Carolina, 1730-1936

Tryon County, North Carolina Minutes of the Court of Please and Quarter Sessions, 1769-1779

Deed Abstracts of Tryon, Lincoln & Rutherford Counties, North Carolina, 1769-1786: Tryon County Wills & Estates

BALLENGERs of Tryon

Marriage Bonds of Tryon and Lincoln Counties North Carolina

Back to the Top

 

Tyrrell

Tyrrell County, North Carolina Marriages: 1761-1862

1757-1757 Tyrrell County, North Carolina Militia Records

1755 Tyrrell County, North Carolina Tax List

High Days & Holidays: Scenes from a Tyrrell County Childhood

North Carolina County Scrip, 1861-62 of Camden, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Tyrrell and the Corporation of Elizabeth City

Tyrell County, North Carolina Deed Books, 1735-1783 Three Volumes

Back to the Top

 

Union

The MOORE Families of Anson and Union Counties, North Carolina

BAUCOM Footprints in Carolina

Monroe and Union County, North Carolina: A Special Place for Special People

Sketches of Monroe and Union County

North Carolina Slaves and Free Persons of Color: Mecklenburg, Gaston and Union Counties

Union County Men of Medicine

Brief History of Waxhaw Baptist Church and the Family of GODFREYS

Back to the Top

 

Vance

Historic Vance County and "Happy, Healthy, Hustling Henderson"

Vance County, North Carolina: Black America

Vance Heritage Remembered: Architectural and Historical Sketches

The Heritage of Vance County, North Carolina

Back to the Top

Wake

Richard Arrow SMITH of Wake County, North Carolina and His Descendants: SMITH and Related Families of Wake and Johnston Counties, North Carolina

Historical Raleigh: With Sketches of Wake County (From 1771) and Its Important Towns...

Marriage and Death Notices from the Raleigh Register and North Carolina State Gazette,  1799-1825

Raleigh and Wake County Firefighting (Images of America)

The Historic Architecture of Wake County, North Carolina

Marriage and Death Notices from Raleigh, N.C. Newspapers, 1796-1826

Marriage & Death Notices in Raleigh Register & North Carolina State Gazette, 1826-1845

Marriage& Death Notices From Raleigh Register & North Carolina Gazette: 1846-1867

Abstracts of Vital Records from Raleigh, North Carolina, Newspapers

1790 Wake Co., NC Census

Marriages of Wake County, North Carolina, 1770-1868

Wake County, North Carolina Marriages: 1781-1867

History of Wake County, North Carolina

Wake-Capital County of North Carolina

Joel LANE, Pioneer and Patriot: a Biographical Sketch Including Notes About the Lane Family and the Colonial and Revolutionary History of Wake County, North Carolina

The Tar Heel Cook Book. a Collection of Favorite Recipes
(1940)

Gleanings From Long Ago  

The Struggles and Fruits of Faith: Sesquicentennial Celebration, First Baptist Church, Raleigh, North Carolina

Raleigh: A Pictorial History

Raleigh, the Historical Capital City, Its Institutions Wealth and Resources, Wake County the Land of Opportunity...North Carolina
(1924)

Lifelines: Collected Poems Created at the Jewish Community Center of Wake County, N. C.

The Raleigh Register: 1799-1863

Back to the Top

Warren

Families of Warren, Franklin & Granville Counties, North Carolina...

The Architecture of Warren County, North Carolina: 1770s to 1860s

Journals of William Emmanuel BUGG, 1848-1935: Mecklenburg County, Virginia & Warren County, North Carolina with BUGG, DAVIS, HUDGINS, NICHOLSON, SMITH, WALKER

Sketches of Old Warrenton, North Carolina: Traditions and Reminiscences of the Town and People Who Made It

Front Royal and Warren County: Images of America

Marriages of Bute and Warren Counties, North Carolina: 1764-1868

Warren County, North Carolina Marriages: 1780-1867

The County of Warren, North Carolina, 1586-1917

Some Family Records
ALLEN, COUNCIL, BROOM, McALLISTER & More

Back to the Top

Washington

War of Another Kind: A Southern Community in the Great Rebellion

Washington County, North Carolina: A Tapestry

Jonesborough, North Carolina: Images of America

Images of America: Washington County

Somerset Homecoming: Recovering a Lost Heritage
"On August 30, 1986, over 2,000 descendants of the slaves who worked and lived at Somerset Place gathered on the grounds of the 200-year-old plantation in Washington County, North Carolina, for a homecoming and reunion."

Back to the Top

Watauga

The Architectural History of Watauga County, North Carolina

Sketches of Early Watauga

A History of Watauga County, North Carolina With Sketches of Prominent Families

The People of the New River: Oral Histories from the Ashe, Alleghany, and Watauga Counties of North Carolina

History of Watauga County

The Heritage of Watauga County, 1849-1984

Back to the Top

Wayne

PEACOCK: Some Descendants of John PEACOCK of Wayne County, North Carolina, 1781

1786 Wayne County, North Carolina Tax List

1790 Census: Wayne County, North Carolina

Postcards of Old Wayne County, North Carolina

History of Wayne County North Carolina; A Collection of Historical Stories

Glimpses of Wayne County, North Carolina: An Architectural History

War-Time Reminiscences and Other Selections

Providence Specialties  
Goldsboro, Wayne County

Roots, Seeds, and Other Things, Vol. II: KING, SUTTON, OATES & Related Families of Duplin, Johnston, Sampson and Wayne Counties, North Carolina

Back to the Top

Wilkes

North Wilkesboro: The First Hundred Years, 1890-1990

1782 Wilkes County, North Carolina Tax List

Historical Sketches of Wilkes County

Marriages of Wilkes County, North Carolina: 1778-1868

The Land of Wilkes

Wilkes County Sketches

Wilkes County, North Carolina Deed Book A-1, B-1, C-1; 1778-1803

Wilkes County, North Carolina Deeds: 1795-1815

Wilkes County, North Carolina: A Brief History

Back to the Top

Wilson

Rock Ridge: A Brief History

Wilson, North Carolina: A Pictorial History

Collection of Wilson, North Carolina Histories

The Bright Leaf Cookbook. Compiled by the Home Demonstration Clubs of Wilson County North Carolina

The Episcopalians of Wilson County: a History of St. Timothy's and St. Mark's Churches in Wilson, North Carolina, 1856-1995

Back to the Top

Yadkin

Piedmont Soldiers and Their Families
Civil war history of Forsyth, Stokes, Surry, Yadkin, and Davidson Counties, North Carolina

Yadkin County, North Carolina: The First 100 Years (Images of America)

The Heritage of Yadkin County

North Carolina Slaves and Free Persons of Color: Stokes & Yadkin Counties

The HENNING Family

The Civil War and Yadkin County, North Carolina: With Contemporary Photographs and Letters; New Evidence Regarding Home Guard Activity and the Shootout at the Bond School House; A Roster of Militia Officers; The Names of Yadkin Men at Appomattox...

Yadkin County, North Carolina Marriages, 1851-1868

Back to the Top

Yancey

1850 Census: Yancey County, North Carolina

History and Geography of Yancey County

Voices From the Mountains, a Collection of Interviews, Yancey County, North Carolina, 1981-1985

Stories 'Neath the Roan: Memories of the People of Yancey, Mitchell and Avery Counties at the Foot of Roan Mountain in North Carolina

Old-Time Recipes From the Nu-Wray Inn Burnsville, North Carolina

Cabins in the Laurel. [Pole Cabins on the Toe; Yancey County; Ground-hog Holes; Spruce Pine; Comedy & Tragedy at Bakersvillle; Kinfolks in the Hills; etc]

Back to the Top

Back to Genealogy Books

Back to Old North Carolina News

Back to the Front Page

We appreciate it when you link to this website!
Please help spread the word about TheOldenTimes.com and tell a friend about us!

Copyright © 2000-2012 by  TheOldenTimes.com - Historic Newspapers Online - Always FREE!  All rights reserved.